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Related Concept Videos

Resting Membrane Potential01:24

Resting Membrane Potential

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The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
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Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins01:25

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Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
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The Resting Membrane Potential01:21

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Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:29

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The rough ER membrane synthesizes, assembles, and embeds transmembrane proteins in diverse topologies. These proteins function as transporters or channels and can remain in the ER membrane or are sent to the Golgi complex, lysosome, and cell membrane.
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Integral membrane proteins are proteins adhered to the lipid bilayer of a cell organelle or membrane. They can be of two types: transmembrane integral proteins that span the lipid bilayer and monotopic proteins that are attached to either side of the membrane but do not pass through it.
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Measuring the Induced Membrane Voltage with Di-8-ANEPPS
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Membrane Domain Anti-Registration Induces an Intrinsic Transmembrane Potential.

Xiaoqian Lin1,2, Kaidong Lin1, Shiqi He1

  • 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine & School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|August 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Membrane domain anti-registration, where lipid rafts and non-rafts align oppositely, creates local membrane asymmetry. This asymmetry generates an intrinsic transmembrane potential, impacting cell function.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Molecular dynamics

Background:

  • Plasma membranes form nanoscale domains like liquid-ordered (Lo) lipid rafts and liquid-disordered (Ld) non-rafts.
  • Inter-leaflet domain dynamics, specifically anti-registration, remain poorly understood regarding biological impact.
  • Transmembrane potential is crucial for cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biological relevance of membrane domain anti-registration.
  • To explore the relationship between anti-registration and transmembrane potential.
  • To elucidate the role of cholesterol in these phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
  • Confocal fluorescence microscopy experiments.
  • Utilized HeLa and 293T cell lines.

Main Results:

  • MD simulations indicated an intrinsic transmembrane potential associated with Lo/Ld membrane anti-registration.
  • Confocal microscopy showed cholesterol depletion alters cellular transmembrane potential.
  • Experimental results align with simulation findings, linking cholesterol content to potential changes.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane domain anti-registration induces local membrane asymmetry.
  • This asymmetry results in an intrinsic transmembrane potential.
  • Cholesterol plays a key role in modulating transmembrane potential via membrane domain organization.