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Does sucrose damage kidneys?

M K Li, J P Kavanagh, V Prendiville

    British Journal of Urology
    |August 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    High sucrose intake increases oxalate excretion and kidney damage markers in both healthy individuals and kidney stone formers. This suggests a potential risk for kidney health associated with high sugar consumption.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Urology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Sucrose ingestion may lead to renal parenchymal changes.
    • Elevated urinary saturation index for calcium oxalate is a risk factor for kidney stones.
    • N-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase (NAG) is a biomarker for renal tubular cell damage.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of daily sucrose ingestion on risk factors for calcium stone formation.
    • To assess changes in urinary N-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels following sucrose consumption in stone formers and normal subjects.

    Main Methods:

    • Ten kidney stone formers and ten normal subjects consumed 250 gm of sucrose daily for 7 days.
    • Measurements included urinary oxalate, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and NAG levels.

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  • Risk factors for calcium stone formation were observed.

    • Main Results:

    • Oxalate excretion increased significantly in both groups after sucrose ingestion.
    • Urinary calcium levels remained unchanged, but magnesium and phosphate patterns differed between groups.
    • NAG levels were higher in stone formers and increased significantly in both groups post-sucrose intake, indicating renal tubular damage.

    Conclusions:

    • Daily sucrose consumption can exacerbate risk factors for calcium oxalate kidney stones.
    • Sucrose intake appears to cause renal tubular cell damage, as indicated by increased NAG levels.
    • These findings highlight potential renal risks associated with high dietary sugar intake.