Applications of Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging Technology in Dermatology

Laser speckle contrast imaging or laser speckle imaging (LSI) is a noninvasive imaging technology that can detect areas of dynamic perfusion or vascular flow. Thus, LSI has shown increasing diagnostic utility in various pathologies and has been employed for intraoperative, postoperative, and long-term monitoring in many medical specialties. Recently, LSI has gained traction in clinical dermatology because it can be effective in the assessment of pathologies that are associated with increased perfusion and hypervascularity compared with that of normal tissue. To date, LSI has been found to be highly accurate in monitoring skin graft reperfusion, determining the severity of burns, evaluating neurosurgical revascularization, assessing persistent perfusion in capillary malformations after laser therapy, and differentiating malignant and benign skin lesions. LSI affords the advantage of noninvasively assessing lesions before more invasive methods of diagnosis, such as tissue biopsy, while remaining inexpensive and exhibiting no adverse events to date. However, potential obstacles to its clinical use include tissue movement artifact, primarily qualitative data, and unclear impact on clinical practice given the lack of superiority data compared with the current standard-of-care diagnostic methods. In this review, we discuss the clinical applications of LSI in dermatology for use in the diagnosis and monitoring of vascular, neoplastic, and inflammatory skin conditions.