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Aging and the cardiovascular system.

A Amery, H Wasir, C Bulpitt

    Acta Cardiologica
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Blood pressure often rises with age, increasing cardiovascular risks in older adults. While treatment benefits are unclear, it

    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Cardiovascular Medicine
    • Hypertension Research

    Background:

    • Blood pressure typically increases with age, affecting 30-40% of individuals over 60 in Western countries.
    • Age-related physiological changes include decreased cardiac output, increased vascular resistance, and reduced baroreceptor sensitivity.
    • The exact mechanisms driving age-related blood pressure elevation, including arterial stiffening, remain under investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of age-related blood pressure changes.
    • To evaluate the efficacy and risks of antihypertensive therapy in the elderly.
    • To provide guidance on managing hypertension in older adults.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on aging and blood pressure.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of data on cardiovascular outcomes in elderly hypertensive patients.
  • Examination of evidence regarding the benefits and side effects of hypotensive treatments in older populations.

    • Main Results:

    • Elderly hypertensive patients often exhibit low cardiac output and high peripheral resistance.
    • The impact of antihypertensive therapy on longevity in the elderly is not definitively proven.
    • Studies on preventing organ damage, particularly cerebrovascular accidents, show mixed results, with potential for serious side effects from aggressive treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Antihypertensive treatment is recommended for elderly patients with severe hypertension (e.g., retinopathy grade III/IV, heart failure, cerebral hemorrhage, diastolic BP ≥ 120 mm Hg).
    • A trial of therapy may be considered for milder hypertension with specific symptoms like angina or headache.
    • Managing hypertension in the elderly is complex due to challenges with general measures, critical dose adjustments, and increased risk of volume depletion and orthostatic hypotension.