Frequency of Subclinical Hypothyroidism Among Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Chart Review

Background Subclinical hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder during pregnancy, associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism among pregnant women who presented to our hospital between 2020 and 2022. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on 589 pregnant women using convenience sampling. Only women who underwent thyroid function testing and had no known thyroid disease were included. Data on age, weight status, history of miscarriage, history of infertility, menstrual cycle regularity, thyroid function, and symptoms of thyroid diseases were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results The mean age of the participants was 24.8 ± 3.7 years. Among the participants, 270 (45.9%) had a normal weight, 199 (33.8%) were overweight, and 120 (20.4%) were obese. A history of miscarriage was reported by 69 women (11.7%) while 37 women (6.3%) had a history of infertility. The menstrual cycle was regular in 499 women (84.7%) and irregular in 90 women (15.3%). The results showed that 517 (87.7%) women were euthyroid, 47 (7.9%) had hypothyroidism, and 25 (4.2%) had hyperthyroidism. Of the 47 patients with hypothyroidism, 32 (68.08%) had subclinical hypothyroidism and 15 (31.91%) had overt hypothyroidism. Conclusion This study highlights the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism among pregnant women. The findings underscore the importance of thyroid function testing during pregnancy.