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Related Concept Videos

Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

107
Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
107
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

281
The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
281
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

202
Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
202
CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines01:14

CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines

322
CNS depressants include drugs from the category of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. They are valuable medications for managing anxiety disorders and insomnia. Barbiturates, once used to induce and maintain sleep, have been replaced mainly by benzodiazepines due to barbiturate's toxicity, tolerance, and overdose risks. They interact with GABAA receptors, leading to sedation at low doses and potentially coma and death at higher doses. Phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate, possesses...
322
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

140
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
140
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

171
Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
171

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[Insomnia: a persistent problem without optimal pharmacological approach].

Laura E De Wit1,2, Otto R Maarsingh3, Roeland Vis4

  • 1St. Antonius Ziekenhuis, afd. Psychiatrie, Nieuwegein en Utrecht.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insomnia affects 7-22% of Dutch adults. This study reviews insomnia pathophysiology and drug pharmacology, examining limited evidence for increasing off-label medication use.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Sleep Medicine

Context:

  • Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder in the Netherlands (7-22%).
  • Pharmacological interventions for insomnia are frequently prescribed, despite recommendations for restriction.
  • There is a growing trend in the use of off-label medications for insomnia.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the pathophysiology of insomnia.
  • To detail the clinical pharmacology of various medications used for insomnia.
  • To understand the rationale behind current on- and off-label treatment strategies.

Summary:

  • The review covers the underlying mechanisms of insomnia.
  • It discusses the pharmacological profiles of commonly used insomnia medications, both approved and off-label.
  • The study highlights the limited evidence supporting many off-label interventions.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of insomnia pharmacotherapy.
  • Aids clinicians in making informed decisions regarding insomnia treatment.
  • Highlights the need for evidence-based guidelines for off-label drug use in insomnia.