Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

10.3K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
10.3K
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

2.1K
Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
2.1K
Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:34

Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

3.7K
Nuclear encoded mitochondrial precursors are imported to the inner membrane in a multistep process involving two separate translocons, TIM22 and TIM23. TIM23 is a cation-selective pore that remains closed by the N terminal segment of the protein. Negative charges on the TIM23 act as a receptor for the incoming precursor, pulling the positively charged matrix-targeting sequence for peptide insertion and translocation.
Transport of mitochondrial precursors across the TIM23 channel is driven by...
3.7K
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

8.2K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
8.2K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

3.2K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
3.2K
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

757
Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
757

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Brain Network Connectivity Predicts Survival in Diffuse Midline Glioma.

Cancer discovery·2026
Same journal

First-in-human testing of a mutant KRAS vaccine for pancreatic cancer interception in high-risk cohorts.

Cancer discovery·2026
Same journal

CDK8 Inhibition Releases the Muscle Differentiation Block in Fusion-driven Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Cancer discovery·2026
Same journal

CDK8 inhibition induces Mediator trapping and impairment of the EWSR1::FLI1 transcriptional program in Ewing sarcoma.

Cancer discovery·2026
Same journal

SEZ6-Targeted ADC Shows Preliminary Efficacy in Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Cancer discovery·2026
Same journal

Nonprofit Acquires Abandoned Leukemia Drug Supply.

Cancer discovery·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Introduction to Solid Supported Membrane Based Electrophysiology
19:56

Introduction to Solid Supported Membrane Based Electrophysiology

Published on: May 11, 2013

15.2K

Human STING Enables Transmembrane Proton Transport

    Cancer Discovery
    |August 11, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human STING acts as a proton channel, facilitating LC3B lipidation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This discovery sheds light on crucial cellular signaling pathways involved in immunity and inflammation.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a key mediator of innate immunity.
    • LC3B lipidation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation are critical processes in cellular defense and inflammation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the molecular mechanism by which human STING regulates LC3B lipidation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
    • To determine if STING possesses ion channel activity and its role in these cellular processes.

    Main Methods:

    • Electrophysiology to assess STING's ion channel activity.
    • Biochemical assays to measure LC3B lipidation.
    • Inflammasome activation assays to quantify NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and cytokine release.

    More Related Videos

    Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
    07:38

    Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

    Published on: March 30, 2015

    9.3K
    Author Spotlight: Experiential Tool for Teaching Active Transport Using Ex Vivo Histidine Uptake
    04:40

    Author Spotlight: Experiential Tool for Teaching Active Transport Using Ex Vivo Histidine Uptake

    Published on: October 4, 2024

    1.7K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

    Introduction to Solid Supported Membrane Based Electrophysiology
    19:56

    Introduction to Solid Supported Membrane Based Electrophysiology

    Published on: May 11, 2013

    15.2K
    Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
    07:38

    Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

    Published on: March 30, 2015

    9.3K
    Author Spotlight: Experiential Tool for Teaching Active Transport Using Ex Vivo Histidine Uptake
    04:40

    Author Spotlight: Experiential Tool for Teaching Active Transport Using Ex Vivo Histidine Uptake

    Published on: October 4, 2024

    1.7K

    Main Results:

    • Human STING was identified to function as a proton channel.
    • STING-mediated proton flux is essential for efficient LC3B lipidation.
    • STING proton channel activity directly promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

    Conclusions:

    • Human STING's function extends beyond immune signaling to include ion channel activity.
    • STING acts as a proton channel, linking innate immune signaling to key inflammatory pathways.
    • Targeting STING's proton channel function may offer novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases.