Analysis of risk factors of pituitary neoplasms invading the sphenoidal sinus

High-resolution computed tomography (HR-CT) can more effectively discern the relationship between pituitary neoplasms (PNs) and neighboring anatomical structures. Moreover, pathological features can facilitate a more accurate determination of the growth pattern of PNs. Consequently, integrating imaging and pathological data might enhance our predictive capability regarding the growth patterns of PNs and aid in the formulation of surgical plans. We compared HR-CT images of 54 patients and 52 volunteers. Using ITK-SNAP software, we segmented and reconstructed the anatomical features of the sphenoidal sinus (SS) and calculated its volume. A comparative analysis of the invasive attributes of the 54 PNs was carried out based on clinical features and pathological data. The average volume of the SS in the volunteer group was 11.05 (8.10) mL, significantly larger than that of the PNs group at 7.45 (4.88) mL (P = .005). The postsellar type was the most common pneumatization type, and a significantly higher proportion in the PNs group exhibited a depressed saddle base (83.3%). A notable male predominance was observed for SS invasion in the PNs group (72.7%), with the Ki-67 antigen and maximum diameter significantly higher (P < .05), showing a positive correlation. The optimal cutoff points for Ki-67 antigen and the maximum diameter of PNs were 3.25% (AUC = 0.754, Sensitivity 54.5%, Specificity 90.6%) and 24.5 mm (AUC = 0.854, Sensitivity 86.4%, Specificity 78.1%), respectively. The type of pneumatization and the morphology of the sellar-floor serve as anatomical foundations for SS invasion. Factors such as the Ki-67 antigen, the maximum diameter of PNs, and high-risk sub-types constitute risk factors for PNs invasion into the SS. These insights are of significant utility for clinicians in crafting treatment strategies for PNs.