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Related Concept Videos

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate....
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
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The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells01:10

The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells

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Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They  are held...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

2.4K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments01:35

Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments

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Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
Keratin proteins, found at the cell periphery near cell junctions, undergo a cycle of assembly and disassembly. In Type...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
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Nuclear Actin Polymerization Regulates Cell Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.

William W Du1, Javeria Qadir1, Kevin Y Du1

  • 1Sunnybrook Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M4N3M5, Canada.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|August 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear actin plays a key role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nuclear F-actin promotes EMT, while nuclear G-actin represses it, offering new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
actin polymerizationepithelial-mesenchymal transitionnuclear actintranscription factorwound healing

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Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Actin's function is mainly studied in the cytoplasm due to a lack of nuclear actin models.
  • Nuclear actin's role in cellular processes remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of nuclear actin in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
  • To identify nuclear actin binding partners and their functions in EMT.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of cell models expressing varying levels of nuclear F/G-actin.
  • Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify binding partners.
  • In vitro and in vivo assays to assess EMT markers and cell behavior.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear F-actin promotes EMT by enhancing cell migration, survival, and mesenchymal morphology.
  • Nuclear G-actin represses EMT and associated cellular activities.
  • Distinct nuclear F-actin (β-catenin, SMAD2, SMAD3) and G-actin (MYBBP1A, NKRF, MYPOP) binding partners were identified, modulating transcriptional events.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear actin dynamics significantly regulate EMT.
  • Nuclear F-actin and G-actin exert opposing effects on EMT through distinct molecular pathways.
  • Targeting nuclear actin polymerization presents a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases involving aberrant EMT.