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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling.  This phenomenon, called the Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring...
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Enhanced Deuteron Coalescence Probability in Jets.

S Acharya1, D Adamová2, A Adler3

  • 1Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Physical Review Letters
|August 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Measurements of deuteron production in proton-proton collisions reveal a significantly larger coalescence parameter within jets compared to the underlying event. This finding supports the nucleon coalescence model and highlights differences in nucleon proximity.

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Area of Science:

  • High Energy Physics
  • Nuclear Physics
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Deuteron production and coalescence parameters offer insights into nucleon interactions.
  • Understanding particle production within and outside jets is crucial for high-energy physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure transverse-momentum spectra and coalescence parameters of (anti)deuterons in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV.
  • To investigate deuteron production for the first time within and outside of jets.
  • To compare experimental results with predictions from nucleon coalescence and nuclear reaction models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.
  • Approximated jet axis using the direction of the leading particle.
  • Defined in-jet and underlying event regions based on azimuthal angle relative to the jet axis.
  • Measured transverse-momentum spectra and calculated coalescence parameters (B2).

Main Results:

  • The coalescence parameter (B2) for (anti)deuterons was found to be approximately 10 times larger in jets than in the underlying event.
  • This significant difference supports the nucleon coalescence model due to smaller nucleon phase-space distances within jets.
  • Both tested models reproduced the large in-jet versus out-of-jet difference in B2, but neither fully captured the observed trend of B2 within jets.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first measurement of deuteron production within jets.
  • Experimental results are consistent with the nucleon coalescence picture, with enhanced production in jets.
  • Further model development is needed to accurately describe the observed trends in jet coalescence parameters.