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In vivo Measurement of Knee Extensor Muscle Function in Mice
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Sex differences in knee extensor torque control.

Savanna Harrison1, Nicholas C Clark1, Paul Ansdell2

  • 1School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology
|August 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Men show different knee extensor muscle torque control strategies compared to women. These sex differences in muscle force control depend on both the magnitude and complexity of torque fluctuations.

Keywords:
ComplexityForce controlForce fluctuationsMuscleSex differencesVariability

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Physiology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Evidence on sex-related differences in muscle force and torque control is currently equivocal.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for various applications, from rehabilitation to sports performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in knee extensor muscle torque control.
  • To analyze both magnitude- and complexity-based measures of torque control during typical daily living contraction intensities.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty participants (25 male, 25 female) performed intermittent isometric knee extensor contractions at 10%, 20%, and 40% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC).
  • Torque was measured, and control was quantified using magnitude (standard deviation [SD], coefficient of variation [CV]) and complexity (approximate entropy [ApEn], detrended fluctuation analysis [DFA] α) of torque fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • Males exhibited greater absolute torque fluctuations (SD) at all tested intensities (10%, 20%, 40% MVC).
  • No sex differences were observed in normalized fluctuations (CV).
  • Males showed lower complexity (lower ApEn, higher DFA α) at lower contraction intensities (10%, 20% MVC).

Conclusions:

  • Significant sex differences exist in knee extensor muscle torque control strategies.
  • These differences are evident in both the magnitude and complexity of torque fluctuations.
  • Future research should consider both measures when examining sex differences in muscle force control.