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Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
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Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

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Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
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Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine01:25

Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine

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Angina pectoris, a primary symptom of ischemic heart disease, requires careful pharmacological interventions. In this context, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and ranolazine have emerged as crucial pharmacotherapeutic agents, providing deep insights into the complexities of angina management.
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Interprofessional care for coronary artery disease includes pharmacological therapy and revascularization procedures.Pharmacological therapy for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve patient outcomes through various classes of medications:Antiplatelet Agents:Aspirin and Clopidogrel: These medications inhibit platelet aggregation, preventing blood clots, which is crucial for avoiding heart attacks and strokes. Doctors often prescribe these...
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Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
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Beyond statins: New pharmacological targets to decrease LDL-cholesterol and cardiovascular events.

Emanuel Raschi1, Manuela Casula2, Arrigo F G Cicero3

  • 1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|August 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Newer medications offer innovative ways to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. This review details their pharmacology, benefits, and risks to guide clinical practice.

Keywords:
Bempedoic acidEvinacumabInclisiranLDL-cholesterolLomitapideMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsPCSK9 inhibitorsStatins

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Lipidology

Background:

  • Dyslipidemia is a key modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
  • Current dyslipidemia treatment guidelines emphasize low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction intensity based on ASCVD risk.
  • Debate persists regarding optimal lipid targets and treatment strategies (stepwise vs. upstream therapy).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an evidence-based review of novel pharmacological agents for dyslipidemia.
  • To detail the pharmacological aspects, benefit-risk profiles, and patient-centered advantages of emerging LDL-C-lowering medications.
  • To support clinical practice by minimizing therapeutic inertia in managing dyslipidemia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pharmacological aspects of recently approved LDL-C-targeting medications.
  • Analysis of benefit-risk profiles, including impact on cardiovascular endpoints.
  • Evaluation of patient-centered advantages, such as adherence.

Main Results:

  • Several novel drug classes targeting LDL-C are now available, including PCSK9 inhibitors, ACL inhibitors, ANGPTL3 inhibitors, and MTP inhibitors.
  • These agents offer innovative mechanisms of action beyond statins and ezetimibe.
  • Understanding their specific profiles is crucial for effective clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • Novel pharmacological agents provide new therapeutic options for managing dyslipidemia and reducing ASCVD risk.
  • A comprehensive understanding of these drugs' pharmacology, efficacy, safety, and patient impact is essential for optimal treatment selection.
  • This knowledge empowers clinicians to tailor therapies, improve patient adherence, and ultimately reduce cardiovascular events.