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Related Concept Videos

Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
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Review: Endometrial function in pregnancy establishment in cattle.

H Tinning1, J C Edge1, T H C DeBem2

  • 1Discovery and Translational Sciences Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.

Animal : an International Journal of Animal Bioscience
|August 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding endometrial-conceptus interactions is key to improving cattle pregnancy success. This research reviews current knowledge and highlights new methods to reduce pregnancy loss and enhance food production.

Keywords:
3D in vitro systemsBovineConceptusEndometriumImplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Animal science
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • The endometrium is crucial for successful pregnancy in ruminants, supporting conceptus development.
  • Significant pregnancy losses occur during the pre- and peri-implantation stages in cattle, with maternal uterine contributions often undefined.
  • Understanding these early pregnancy events is vital for improving reproductive efficiency in livestock.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on conceptus-maternal interactions during early pregnancy in cattle.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in understanding endometrial roles in pregnancy establishment and loss.
  • To explore novel in vitro model approaches for studying these interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of conceptus-maternal interactions in cattle.
  • Discussion of emerging in vitro technologies like microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip systems.
  • Exploration of bioinformatic approaches to analyze molecular interactions.

Main Results:

  • The endometrium regulates the estrus cycle, nourishes the conceptus, and creates a receptive uterine environment.
  • It provides biophysical support and systemic signals crucial for pregnancy maintenance.
  • Gaps exist in understanding the maternal uterine contribution to early pregnancy loss.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating conceptus-maternal interactions is essential for reducing pregnancy loss in cattle.
  • Novel in vitro models offer promising avenues to fill knowledge gaps.
  • Improved understanding can enhance food production efficiency and reduce environmental impact.