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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia
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Associations between systemic melatonin and human myopia: A systematic review.

Azfira Hussain1, Aparna Gopalakrishnan1, Hannah Scott2

  • 1Myopia Clinic, Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
|August 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Melatonin circadian rhythm disruption may play a role in myopia development, but research findings are conflicting. Further studies are needed to confirm the relationship between melatonin and myopia.

Keywords:
circadian rhythmdim light onset melatoninmelatoninmyopiaocular diurnal rhythmrefractive error

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Chronobiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Experimental models suggest melatonin circadian rhythm disruption contributes to refractive error.
  • Previous studies on melatonin concentration and diurnal patterns in refractive error have yielded inconsistent results.
  • Understanding the role of melatonin in myopia is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and summarize the existing literature on melatonin circadian rhythms in myopia.
  • To evaluate the current evidence regarding the association between melatonin and myopia.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest Central, LILACS, Cochrane, Medline) for studies published between January 2010 and December 2022.
  • Seven studies measuring melatonin and circadian rhythms in blood serum, saliva, and urine of myopes and non-myopes were included.
  • Various analytical techniques were employed, including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and radioimmunoassay.

Main Results:

  • Morning blood serum melatonin concentrations showed significant variability across studies in individuals aged 10-30 years.
  • Diurnal salivary melatonin variation was not significantly different between myopes and emmetropes.
  • Elevated salivary melatonin was reported in myopes compared to emmetropes in one study, while urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin was lower in myopes.
  • The relationship between dim light melatonin onset and refractive group was inconsistent.

Conclusions:

  • The role of melatonin concentration and rhythm in myopia is not extensively studied, and current findings are conflicting.
  • Potential relationships between melatonin dysregulation and myopia exist but require further investigation.
  • Future research with standardized methodologies is necessary to establish a causal link between melatonin and myopia in humans.