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Medical Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children

Almala Pinar Ergenekon1, Yasemin Gokdemir1, Refika Ersu2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University, 34890 Istanbul, Turkey.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|August 12, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 1-4% of children and may persist after surgery. This review summarizes medical treatments for childhood OSA when surgery isn't an option or fails.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves recurrent upper airway obstruction, affecting 1-4% of children aged 2-8 years.
  • Childhood OSA prevalence is increasing, linked to rising obesity rates.
  • Persistent OSA can occur even in healthy children, necessitating medical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize available medical treatment options for obstructive sleep apnea in children.
  • To provide an overview of non-surgical management strategies for pediatric OSA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of medical treatment options for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

Main Results:

  • Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is highly effective for persistent childhood OSA.
  • Adherence to PAP therapy in children can be a significant challenge.
  • Medical management is crucial when adenotonsillectomy is contraindicated or ineffective.

Conclusions:

  • Medical treatments are essential for managing pediatric obstructive sleep apnea, especially when surgery is not feasible or successful.
  • Addressing adherence barriers is key to optimizing the effectiveness of treatments like PAP therapy.
  • Further research into novel and adherence-improving medical interventions for childhood OSA is warranted.

Keywords:
PAP therapyanti-inflammatory treatmentchildrenhigh flow nasal cannulamedical treatmentobstructive sleep apneapersistent obstructive sleep apnea

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