Modelling the Tumour Microenvironment, but What Exactly Do We Mean by "Model"?

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Bioinformatics
• Scientific Methodology

Background:

• The term "model" in scientific research, particularly in cancer studies, lacks a singular definition.
• Context is crucial for understanding "model," ranging from physical replicas to abstract representations.
• Tumor microenvironment research encompasses various interpretations of "model," including animal, in vitro, mathematical, and computational approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and categorize different types of "models" used in tumor microenvironment research.
• To quantitatively assess the frequency and trends of various "model" types in the MEDLINE database.
• To analyze the usage of specific keywords related to cancer types and microenvironment components within different model categories.

Main Methods:

• Literature review categorizing tumor microenvironment models into four types: model organisms, in vitro, mathematical, and computational.
• Quantitative analysis of MEDLINE database entries using specific keywords to determine model frequencies.
• Assessment of trends in the usage of different model types over time.

Main Results:

• Animal models, especially xenografts and mouse models, are historically prevalent but show a declining trend.
• Mathematical models, including prognostic and risk models, are increasing in frequency and application.
• The study quantifies the usage of various model types and associated cancer research keywords.

Conclusions:

• The definition and application of "models" in tumor microenvironment research are diverse and evolving.
• There is a discernible shift from traditional animal models towards mathematical and computational approaches in cancer research.
• Quantitative analysis of research literature provides insights into the changing landscape of tumor microenvironment modeling techniques.