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Updated: Jul 19, 2025
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Published on: March 8, 2018
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Behavioral Self-Blame in PTSD-Etiology, Risk Factors, and Proposed Interventions
Aviad Raz1, Ravit Rubinstein1, Eran Shadach2
1Department of Health and Well-Being, IDF's Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan 6195001, Israel.
Summary
Behavioral self-blame (BSB) after trauma may stem from a loss of control. Persistent distress and female gender increase BSB risk in combat soldiers, highlighting a need for targeted interventions.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Trauma Studies
- Military Mental Health
Background:
- Behavioral self-blame (BSB) can emerge after traumatic events as a coping mechanism to regain a sense of control.
- BSB is a prevalent, enduring, and often treatment-resistant symptom of post-traumatic stress.
- This study explores the origins, risk factors, and persistence of BSB following trauma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the etiology and risk factors associated with behavioral self-blame (BSB) after traumatic events.
- To understand the reasons behind the persistence of BSB over time.
- To examine the relationship between peritraumatic distress, loss of control, and BSB.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 546 Israeli ex-combat soldiers completed validated questionnaires assessing peritraumatic dissociation, distress, and PTSD symptoms.
- Behavioral self-blame (BSB) was measured using a specific item from the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5).
- Statistical analyses, including t-tests and linear regression, were employed to analyze the data.
Main Results:
- A significant correlation was found between persistent distress, lack of control, and BSB.
- Feeling out of control during a traumatic event is linked to increased BSB and post-traumatic stress symptoms.
- Female combat soldiers exhibited a higher risk for developing BSB compared to their male counterparts.
Conclusions:
- Experiencing a loss of control during trauma can lead to lasting feelings of helplessness and lack of behavioral control.
- Findings underscore the importance of addressing control-related cognitions in the treatment of BSB.
- Gender appears to be a significant factor influencing BSB risk in military populations.
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