A New 3D Mathematical Model for Simulating Nanofluid Flooding in a Porous Medium for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Two-phase Darcy's law is a well-known mathematical model used in the petrochemical industry. It predicts the fluid flow in reservoirs and can be used to optimize oil production using recent technology. Indeed, various models have been proposed for predicting oil recovery using injected nanofluids (NFs). Among them, numerical modeling is attracting the attention of scientists and engineers owing to its ability to modify the thermophysical properties of NFs such as density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity. Herein, a new model for simulating NF injection into a 3D porous media for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is investigated. This model has been developed for its ability to predict oil recovery across a wide range of temperatures and volume fractions (VFs). For the first time, the model can examine the changes and effects of thermophysical properties on the EOR process based on empirical correlations depending on two variables, VF and inlet temperature. The governing equations obtained from Darcy's law, mass conservation, concentration, and energy equations were numerically evaluated using a time-dependent finite-element method. The findings indicated that optimizing the temperature and VF could significantly improve the thermophysical properties of the EOR process. We observed that increasing the inlet temperature (353.15 K) and volume fraction (4%) resulted in better oil displacement, improved sweep efficiency, and enhanced mobility of the NF. The oil recovery decreased when the VF (>4%) and temperature exceeded 353.15 K. Remarkably, the optimal VF and inlet temperature for changing the thermophysical properties increased the oil production by 30%.