Time-Varying Hazard of Patient Falls in Hospital: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

This study aims to evaluate the association between patient falls and relevant factors and to quantify their effect on fall risk. This is a retrospective case-control study using the secondary data collected from a tertiary general hospital. Study subjects were 450 patients who were admitted to the hospital between January 2016 and December 2020. The prevalence of falls was associated with the fall risk level by the Morse Fall Scale (MFS) and individual status at admission including history of admission, dizziness, sleep disorder, bowel dysfunction, and urinary incontinence. The odds ratios of patient falls were higher in the low-risk group by the MFS score (odds ratio (OR) = 2.61, p < 0.001) and the high-risk group (OR = 5.51, p < 0.001) compared to the no-risk group. The hazard ratio of patient falls was higher in the high-risk group by the MFS score (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.85, p < 0.001). The MFS had a significant explanatory power to predict fall risk. Sleep disorder and urinary incontinence were the significant factors influencing patient falls.