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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

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Malocclusion Complexity in Patients with Disc Displacement Disorders: A Case-Control Study.

Iván Daniel Zúñiga-Herrera1, Fernando Javier Aguilar-Pérez1, Mauricio Escoffié-Ramírez1

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida 97000, Mexico.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study found that complex malocclusions, classified as difficult or very difficult, significantly increase the odds of developing disc displacement (DD) disorders. This highlights a crucial link between dental alignment complexity and temporomandibular joint health.

Keywords:
epidemiologygrowth and developmentorthodontic indextemporomandibular joint disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Science
  • Orthodontics
  • Temporomandibular Disorders

Background:

  • Disc displacement (DD) is a common temporomandibular disorder.
  • Malocclusion complexity is often assessed using standardized indices.
  • The relationship between malocclusion severity and DD requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between malocclusion complexity and the presence of disc displacement (DD) disorders.
  • To quantify malocclusion complexity using the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON).

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional case-control study design was employed.
  • 130 cases with DD and 180 controls were evaluated.
  • Binary logistic regression and odds ratios (OR) were used to analyze associations.

Main Results:

  • Disc displacement (DD) was significantly associated with malocclusion complexity (p < 0.05).
  • 85.4% of cases had moderate to very difficult malocclusions, compared to 89.3% of controls with easy to moderate malocclusions (p ≤ 0.001).
  • Difficult and very difficult malocclusions showed high odds ratios (9.801 and 9.689) for DD.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with difficult or very difficult malocclusions have significantly higher odds of presenting with disc displacement (DD).
  • Malocclusion complexity is a relevant factor in the development or exacerbation of temporomandibular joint disorders.