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Immunomodulatory Effect of Flammulina rossica Fermentation Extract on Healthy and Immunosuppressed Mice
Yingdi Dai1,2, Sijia Ma1,2, Yanyan Zhu1
1Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
Abstract:
Flammulina rossica fermentation extract (FREP) was obtained by ethanol precipitation of the fermentation broth. The molecular weight of FREP is 28.52 kDa, and it mainly contains active ingredients such as polysaccharides, proteins, reducing sugars, and 16 amino acids. Among them, the polysaccharides were mannose, glucose, galactose, arabinose, and fucose and possessed β-glycosidic bonds. Furthermore, the immunoregulatory activities of FREP were investigated in vivo. The results demonstrated that FREP could increase the counts of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in a dose-dependent manner in healthy mice. In addition, FREP significantly increased serum cytokines, including IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-6, IL-1β, INF-γ, C-rection protein, and TNF-α, and promoted splenocyte proliferation in healthy mice. Finally, FREP could restore the counts of white blood cells, red blood cells, secretory immunoglobulin A, and antibody-forming cells and significantly promote the serum haemolysin level in mice treated with cyclophosphamide. The findings indicated that FREP possessed immunoregulatory activity in healthy mice and could improve the immune functions in immunosuppressive mice. Therefore, FREP could be exploited as an immunomodulatory agent and potential immunotherapeutic medicine for patients with inadequate immune function.
Insights
Flammulina rossica fermentation extract (FREP) enhances immune function by boosting T lymphocytes and cytokine levels in healthy mice. It also restores immune parameters in immunosuppressed mice, showing potential as an immunomodulatory agent.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Flammulina rossica fermentation extract (FREP) is a complex biomolecule derived from fungal fermentation.
- FREP contains various bioactive compounds including polysaccharides, proteins, and amino acids.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of FREP in vivo.
- To evaluate FREP's potential as an immunotherapeutic agent.
Main Methods:
- Ethanol precipitation was used to obtain FREP from the fermentation broth.
- In vivo studies were conducted on healthy and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.
- Flow cytometry, cytokine analysis, splenocyte proliferation assays, and hematological parameters were assessed.
Main Results:
- FREP dose-dependently increased CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in healthy mice.
- FREP significantly elevated serum levels of various cytokines (IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-6, IL-1β, INF-γ, CRP, TNF-α) and promoted splenocyte proliferation.
- In immunosuppressed mice, FREP restored white blood cell and red blood cell counts, secretory IgA, antibody-forming cells, and serum hemolysin levels.
Conclusions:
- FREP exhibits significant immunoregulatory activities in healthy mice.
- FREP demonstrates efficacy in improving immune function in immunosuppressed models.
- FREP holds potential as an immunomodulatory agent and therapeutic medicine for immune dysfunction.
