Critical Examination of Distance-Gain-Size (DGS) Diagrams of Ultrasonic NDE with Sound Field Calculations

Ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation, which has been used widely, can detect and size critical flaws in structures. Advances in sound field calculations can further improve its effectiveness. Two calculation methods were used to characterize the relevant sound fields of an ultrasonic transducer and the results were applied to construct and evaluate Distance-Gain-Size (DGS) diagrams, which are useful in flaw sizing. Two published DGS diagrams were found to be deficient because the backward diffraction path was overly simplified and the third one included an arbitrary procedure. Newly constructed DGS diagrams exhibited transducer size dependence, revealing another deficiency in the existing DGS diagrams. However, the extent of the present calculations must be expanded to provide a catalog of DGS diagrams to cover a wide range of practical needs. Details of the new construction method are presented, incorporating two-way diffraction procedures.