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High CD4+:CD8+ ratios with herpes zoster infections in patients with multiple sclerosis on dimethyl fumarate
Alexandra Balshi1, Emma Saart1,2, Sarbesh Pandeya1
1Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Background:
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) depletes CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and cases of herpes zoster (HZ) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on DMF have been documented.
Objectives:
To evaluate lymphocyte subsets in patients with MS who developed HZ on DMF (Tecfidera) compared to matched controls who did not develop HZ.
Methods:
We used linear mixed-effects models to test for differences in white blood cell count, lymphocyte percentage, absolute lymphocyte count, CD3+ percentage, absolute CD3+ count, CD4+ percentage, absolute CD4+ count, CD8+ percentage, absolute CD8+ count, and CD4+:CD8+ ratio over time in HZ and non-HZ groups.
Results:
Eighteen patients developed HZ while on DMF. The linear mixed-effects model for CD4+:CD8+ ratio showed a significant difference between the HZ and non-HZ groups (p = 0.033). CD4+:CD8+ ratio decreased over time in the HZ group and increased over time in the non-HZ group.
Conclusion:
Patients with MS who develop HZ while on DMF have high CD4+:CD8+ ratios, suggesting an imbalance of CD4+ and CD8+ cells that may put a patient at risk for developing HZ while on DMF. This result emphasizes the need for lymphocyte subset monitoring (including CD4+:CD8+ ratios) on DMF, as well as vaccination prior to DMF initiation.
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