Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Capillary Beds01:20

Capillary Beds

4.3K
Capillary beds are networks of tiny blood vessels that play a crucial role in the circulatory system. These beds are where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and surrounding tissues. Each capillary bed consists of numerous capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body, typically only one cell-thick. This thinness allows for the efficient diffusion of substances.
Capillaries connect arterioles, small branches of arteries, to venules,...
4.3K
Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

4.3K
There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen.
4.3K
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

1.5K
The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
1.5K
Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

5.4K
Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
5.4K
Loose Connective Tissue01:26

Loose Connective Tissue

7.2K
Loose connective tissue is found between many organs. Its main function is to absorb shock and bind tissues together. It also allows water, salts, and various nutrients to diffuse into cells that are embedded in it or present in adjacent tissues.
Adipose Tissue
Adipose tissue consists primarily of fat storage cells called adipocytes and little extracellular matrix. A large number of capillaries present within adipose tissue allow rapid mobilization of lipid molecules. White adipose tissue is...
7.2K
Veins as Blood Reservoirs01:10

Veins as Blood Reservoirs

5.8K
Veins, while chiefly responsible for circulating blood back to the heart, also function as storage vessels for blood. They house approximately 64 percent of the body's total blood volume, a feat made possible by their high capacitance—the inherent ability to expand and accommodate large volumes of blood, even under low pressure. The large diameter and thin walls of veins augment their distensibility, significantly more so than arteries, due to their classification as capacitance...
5.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reply to: "Sleep quality is influenced by multiple factors and cannot be reduced to the volume of pineal gland calcification".

Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria·2026
Same author

Cerebral Cysticercosis Manifesting 20 Years after Primary Cutaneous Disease.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP·2026
Same author

Community-based social connection intervention programme to improve cardiovascular and brain health in older adults in rural Ecuador: study protocol for a quasi-experimental trial.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Megacapillaries on nailfold capillaroscopy are associated with white matter hyperintensities burden: a population study.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association·2026
Same author

Study protocol: Dental and periodontal characteristics of older adults in Atahualpa, Ecuador within the Atahualpa Project cohort.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Unraveling the significance of carotid siphon calcifications: Mechanisms and clinical implications in vascular aging - A narrative review.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association·2026
Same journal

The Noradrenergic Brain in Parkinson's Disease.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports·2026
Same journal

Mapping the Silent Onset of Parkinson's Disease: Monoamine Imaging in the Era of the Race for Preclinical Intervention.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports·2026
Same journal

Functional and Structural Brain Imaging Correlates of Treatment Response in Functional Movement Disorder.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports·2026
Same journal

Astrocytopathy in Wernicke Encephalopathy and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Pathogenic Differences With Occasional Clinical and Neuroimaging Overlap. A Review.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports·2026
Same journal

When is the Radiologically Isolated Syndrome already Multiple Sclerosis According to the 2024 McDonald Criteria?

Current neurology and neuroscience reports·2026
Same journal

Assessment and Management of Post-traumatic Headache.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents
10:13

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2018

45.3K

Sleep and Perivascular Spaces.

Brynn K Dredla1, Oscar H Del Brutto2, Pablo R Castillo1

  • 1Sleep Disorders Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|August 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain

Keywords:
Aquaporin-4Glymphatic systemPerivascular spacesSleep

More Related Videos

Isolation and Characterization of the Immune Cells from Micro-dissected Mouse Choroid Plexuses
09:55

Isolation and Characterization of the Immune Cells from Micro-dissected Mouse Choroid Plexuses

Published on: February 3, 2022

7.1K
Analysis of Astrocyte Territory Volume and Tiling in Thick Free-Floating Tissue Sections
10:53

Analysis of Astrocyte Territory Volume and Tiling in Thick Free-Floating Tissue Sections

Published on: April 20, 2022

3.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents
10:13

Cannula Implantation into the Cisterna Magna of Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2018

45.3K
Isolation and Characterization of the Immune Cells from Micro-dissected Mouse Choroid Plexuses
09:55

Isolation and Characterization of the Immune Cells from Micro-dissected Mouse Choroid Plexuses

Published on: February 3, 2022

7.1K
Analysis of Astrocyte Territory Volume and Tiling in Thick Free-Floating Tissue Sections
10:53

Analysis of Astrocyte Territory Volume and Tiling in Thick Free-Floating Tissue Sections

Published on: April 20, 2022

3.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • The glymphatic system, the brain's waste clearance pathway, relies on perivascular spaces (PVSs).
  • Sleep significantly impacts glymphatic system efficiency.
  • PVS structure and function are crucial for removing toxic solutes accumulated during wakefulness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate relationship between sleep, the glymphatic system, and PVS.
  • To explore how PVS function is modulated by sleep.
  • To discuss the implications of glymphatic system dysfunction in various neurological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of advanced imaging techniques revealing PVS structure.
  • Synthesis of research on the molecular mechanisms (adenosine, astrocytes, aquaporin-4) influencing glymphatic function during sleep.

Main Results:

  • New imaging techniques provide detailed insights into PVS structure and disease associations.
  • Sleep is identified as a critical factor in PVS and glymphatic system function.
  • Adenosine, astrocyte activity, and aquaporin-4 channels are key regulators of the glymphatic system during sleep.

Conclusions:

  • Glymphatic system dysfunction is linked to neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline.
  • Sleep disorders may represent a modifiable risk factor or therapeutic target for glymphatic dysfunction.
  • Understanding the sleep-glymphatic-PVS axis is vital for neurological health.