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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Updated: Jul 19, 2025

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Reverse Transfection of Functional RNA Rings into Cancer Cells Followed by in Vitro Irradiation.

Renata de Freitas Saito1, Isabella Nevoni Ferreira1, Maria Cristina Rangel1

  • 1Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

RNA nanoparticles offer a novel approach to enhance radiotherapy by delivering small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to silence genes that cause cancer cells to resist treatment. This study demonstrates their effective delivery and potential for improving radiation therapy outcomes.

Keywords:
Cancer cellsIn vitro irradiationRNA ringsReverse transfection

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment.
  • Cancer cells can develop resistance to radiotherapy, limiting treatment efficacy.
  • RNA interference (RNAi) offers a mechanism to target specific genes involved in radioresistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of RNA nanoparticles as a platform for enhancing radiotherapy.
  • To demonstrate the delivery of functional RNA molecules to cancer cells.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of RNA nanoparticle-mediated gene silencing in combination with irradiation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of RNA nanoparticles functionalized with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
  • Reverse transfection of RNA nanoparticles into mammalian cancer cells.
  • In vitro irradiation of treated cancer cells.
  • Assessment of radiotherapy efficacy using biological assays.

Main Results:

  • Successful transfer of RNA nanoparticles to mammalian cancer cells via reverse transfection.
  • Demonstration of simultaneous silencing of multiple radioresistance genes.
  • Evidence suggesting improved radiotherapy efficacy in cells treated with RNA nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • RNA nanoparticles represent a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome radioresistance in cancer.
  • The described method provides a viable approach for delivering RNAi therapeutics to enhance radiotherapy.
  • Further studies are warranted to translate this approach into clinical applications.