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Natural polymorphisms in ZmIRX15A affect water-use efficiency by modulating stomatal density in maize.

Kun Zhang1, Ming Xue2, Feng Qin3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

Plant Biotechnology Journal
|August 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Genetic insights into maize stomatal density (SD) reveal ZmIRX15A as a key regulator. Understanding this gene variation can improve drought resistance and water-use efficiency in crops.

Keywords:
StomataZmIRX15Agenome-wide associationmaizewater-use efficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Crop science
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Stomatal density (SD) is a crucial trait influencing crop drought resistance and water-use efficiency.
  • Identifying the genetic underpinnings of natural SD variation is essential for improving crop resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for stomatal density in maize seedlings.
  • To identify genetic variants and candidate genes associated with natural variation in SD.
  • To elucidate the function of ZmIRX15A in regulating SD and its impact on physiological traits.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide association study (GWAS) in maize seedlings.
  • Identification and characterization of genetic variants, including insertion-deletion (InDel) mutations.
  • Analysis of gene function through loss-of-function mutants.
  • Transcriptome analysis to assess gene expression changes.
  • Biochemical analysis of cell wall composition.

Main Results:

  • GWAS identified 18 significant genetic variants linked to seven candidate genes.
  • A 3-bp insertion (InDel1089) in Zea mays (Zm) IRX15A showed the strongest association with SD.
  • Loss-of-function of ZmIRX15A increased SD, transpiration, and CO2 assimilation efficiency.
  • ZmIRX15A dysfunction reduced xylan deposition in secondary cell walls and altered expression of genes related to stomatal development and drought response.

Conclusions:

  • ZmIRX15A plays a significant role in regulating stomatal density and xylan biosynthesis in maize.
  • The identified genetic variants, particularly in ZmIRX15A, offer potential targets for marker-assisted breeding to enhance drought resistance.
  • This study provides valuable genetic insights for improving water-use efficiency in maize through molecular breeding strategies.