Obesity and male infertility

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Endocrinology
• Andrology
• Obesity Medicine

Background:

• Rising global obesity rates affect overall health and are increasingly linked to reproductive health issues.
• Adiposity is recognized as a factor in male infertility, though its precise impact on semen parameters and fertility outcomes is debated.
• Contradictory findings in studies may stem from the complex interplay of hormonal, genetic, epigenetic, and oxidative stress factors influencing male reproductive function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of obesity's impact on male reproductive health and fertility.
• To explore the multifactorial etiology behind the observed controversies in research findings.
• To discuss the implications for assisted reproduction and offspring health, and to highlight potential treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating the relationship between obesity, semen parameters, and male fertility.
• Analysis of the complex pathophysiology, including hormonal imbalances, genetic/epigenetic factors, and oxidative stress.
• Examination of treatment modalities for obesity and their potential effects on reproductive outcomes.

Main Results:

• Evidence suggests a link between increased body mass index and reduced male fertility, but study results are inconsistent.
• The pathophysiology involves complex interactions affecting gonadotropins, end organs, and cellular functions like oxidative stress.
• Obesity's effects can lead to varied outcomes in assisted reproductive technology and impact offspring health.

Conclusions:

• Obesity presents a complex challenge to male fertility, with diverse contributing factors and inconsistent research findings.
• Understanding the multifactorial nature is crucial for interpreting study results and guiding clinical practice.
• Effective management of obesity, including emerging medical treatments, holds potential for improving male reproductive health and assisted reproductive outcomes.