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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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A reflection on polymer electrolytes for solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Ziyu Song1, Fangfang Chen2, Maria Martinez-Ibañez3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China.

Nature Communications
|August 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are reviving solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) due to limitations in current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Research focuses on improving SPEs for safer, high-energy SSLMBs.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) face energy and safety limits.
  • Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) were previously abandoned due to safety concerns.
  • Revived interest in SSLMBs is driven by LIB technology limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical perspective on solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for SSLMBs.
  • To analyze SPE characteristics, including coupled and decoupled concepts.
  • To identify challenges and suggest improvements for SPEs in SSLMBs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical development of SPEs.
  • Analysis of SPE properties based on coupled/decoupled concepts.
  • Examination of potential remedies for SPE improvement.

Main Results:

  • SPEs are crucial for the revival of SSLMBs.
  • Understanding coupled and decoupled SPE behavior is key.
  • Improvements in SPEs are needed for ideal SSLMB performance.

Conclusions:

  • SPEs are central to advancing SSLMB technology.
  • Further research into SPEs is required to overcome current limitations.
  • Innovative SPE materials are essential for next-generation high-energy batteries.