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An open carbon-phenolic ablator for scientific exploration.

Erik Poloni1,2, Felix Grigat3, Martin Eberhart3

  • 1High Enthalpy Flow Diagnostics Group, Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. e.poloni@imperial.ac.uk.

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Summary

Researchers developed HARLEM, a new carbon-phenolic ablator for space exploration thermal protection. This laboratory material demonstrates performance comparable to existing ablators, facilitating future research.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Thermal Protection Systems

Background:

  • Space exploration missions require robust thermal protection systems for atmospheric entry.
  • Access to specialized ablative materials for laboratory research is limited.
  • Carbon-phenolic ablators are critical for spacecraft thermal management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel ablative material, HARLEM (HEFDiG Ablation-Research Laboratory Experiment Material), for laboratory-based research.
  • To provide the scientific community with accessible, high-performance ablative materials.
  • To characterize the thermal protection capabilities of the newly developed material.

Main Methods:

  • HARLEM was manufactured using polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber preforms and a simplified phenolic impregnation process.
  • Thermal protection performance was evaluated using arcjet experiments in the PWK1 plasma wind tunnel.
  • Surface recession rate and temperature were measured using photogrammetry and thermography, respectively.

Main Results:

  • HARLEM exhibited thermal protection performance comparable to legacy carbon-phenolic ablators.
  • Calculations of effective heat of ablation and scanning electron microscopy confirmed material integrity and performance.
  • The in-house manufacturing process allows for the integration of embedded diagnostics for advanced analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed HARLEM material effectively meets the need for accessible ablative materials in laboratory settings.
  • HARLEM's performance is validated, offering a reliable alternative for thermal protection research.
  • The ability to integrate diagnostics opens new avenues for understanding ablation phenomena.