Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

866
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
866
Angina V: Nursing Management01:20

Angina V: Nursing Management

18
Angina, a symptom of myocardial ischemia, requires a structured nursing management approach to ensure effective care and prevent complications like myocardial infarction. Comprehensive nursing care involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing interventions, and evaluating outcomes, all tailored to the individual patient's needs.Patient AssessmentNursing assessment begins with a detailed subjective evaluation of symptoms, which typically include chest pain or pressure radiating to the...
18
Angina IV: Management01:26

Angina IV: Management

11
IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...
11
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

645
In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
645
Angina II: Classification01:27

Angina II: Classification

7
Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a chest pain resulting from diminished blood flow to the heart muscle and is often a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina presents several variants with distinctive attributes, etiologies, and therapeutic approaches. The main types of angina include stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), microvascular, intractable, and silent ischemia.Stable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of plaques that narrow the coronary...
7
Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment01:29

Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment

10
Angina manifests as chest pain, tightness, or squeezing discomfort typically located behind the breastbone. It can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, and inner aspects of the upper arms, most commonly the left arm. Patients may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, profuse sweating, dizziness, indigestion, heartburn, palpitations, anxiety, and vomiting as accompanying symptoms. This pain often lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, heavy meals, or cold...
10

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Attenuated pressor and sympathetic neural responses to exercise in long-term breast cancer survivors: role of the muscle metaboreflex.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology·2026
Same author

Sympathetic Neural Overactivation, Vascular Dysfunction, and Exercise Intolerance in Long-Term Survivors of Breast Cancer Treated With Doxorubicin and Trastuzumab-Based Chemotherapy.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Myocardial Perfusion and Angina Improvement Following Allopurinol Therapy in a Patient With Coronary Artery Fistula.

JACC. Case reports·2025
Same author

Sympathetic neural overdrive, vascular dysfunction, and diminished exercise capacity in patients with long COVID-19: a long-term study of cardiovascular sequelae.

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology·2025
Same author

The Role of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction on Cholesterol Transfer to HDL.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Is muscle sympathetic nerve activity associated with cerebral blood velocity? A partial coherence analysis.

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine
12:37

Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine

Published on: February 9, 2016

13.4K

Exercise Training on Anginal Threshold Does Not Improve Endothelial Function in Refractory Angina Patients.

Camila P Jordão1, Luciana O C Dourado2, Camila R A de Assumpção2

  • 1Unidade de Reabilitação Cardiovascular e Fisiologia do Exercício, Instituto do Coraçao (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro de Reabilitação, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, Brazil.

The American Journal of Cardiology
|August 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Exercise training improves exercise tolerance in refractory angina patients but does not enhance endothelial function. This study investigated the effects of exercise on endothelial function in refractory angina.

Keywords:
endothelial functionexercise trainingrefractory anginavascular

More Related Videos

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
07:40

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training

Published on: October 10, 2019

7.3K
Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System
02:47

Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System

Published on: May 12, 2023

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine
12:37

Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine

Published on: February 9, 2016

13.4K
Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
07:40

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training

Published on: October 10, 2019

7.3K
Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System
02:47

Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System

Published on: May 12, 2023

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Refractory angina (RA) is a severe manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • Endothelial function (EF), assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), is a key prognostic indicator in CAD.
  • The impact of exercise training on EF in RA patients remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the effects of a structured exercise training program on endothelial function in patients with refractory angina.
  • To evaluate changes in exercise capacity and cardiovascular risk markers following exercise intervention.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal, non-randomized study involving 38 RA patients (aged 45-75) allocated to exercise training (ET) or control (C) groups.
  • The ET group underwent 12 weeks of training including aerobic exercise at anginal threshold, resistance training, and stretching.
  • Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), FMD measurements, and laboratory analyses were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks.

Main Results:

  • The exercise training group showed significant reductions in glycated hemoglobin and systolic blood pressure compared to baseline.
  • Exercise time during CPET improved in the ET group.
  • Crucially, exercise training did not lead to significant changes in flow-mediated dilation (FMD), indicating no improvement in endothelial function.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise training at the anginal threshold effectively increases exercise tolerance and improves certain cardiovascular risk factors in RA patients.
  • However, this specific exercise regimen does not appear to improve endothelial function as measured by FMD in this population.