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Related Concept Videos

Microtubules in Signaling01:22

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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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Cytoskeletal Linker Proteins - Plakins01:09

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Plakins are large proteins with binding domains for microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and membrane-associated protein complexes at cell junctions. Plakin functions are evolutionarily conserved and are primarily involved in organizing the different components of the cytoskeleton by crosslinking them to each other and connecting them to the cell-matrix and cell adhesion complexes. They are also known to interact with signal transducers, serve as scaffolds for signaling...
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Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
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Structural Protein Function01:56

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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
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Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Volumetric Imaging and Analysis of Primary Cilia in Musculoskeletal Tissue using the ARL13B-CENTRIN-2 Mouse Model
09:53

Volumetric Imaging and Analysis of Primary Cilia in Musculoskeletal Tissue using the ARL13B-CENTRIN-2 Mouse Model

Published on: March 28, 2025

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Primary cilia in skeletal development and disease.

Neha Quadri1, Priyanka Upadhyai1

  • 1Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Experimental Cell Research
|August 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Primary cilia are crucial sensory organelles regulating skeletal development. Their dysfunction causes skeletal diseases, highlighting their importance in bone formation and homeostasis.

Keywords:
Chondrogenic differentiationCiliary signalingEndochondral ossificationIntraflagellar transportMechanotransductionOsteogenic differentiationPrimary ciliaPrimary cilia regulationSkeletal ciliopathiesSkeletal dysplasias

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles essential for cellular signaling.
  • They play a fundamental role in organismal development, morphogenesis, and repair.
  • This study focuses on their specific role in embryonic and postnatal skeletal development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the role of primary cilia in skeletal development.
  • To explore their involvement in signaling pathways regulating bone cell proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis.
  • To summarize current understanding of primary cilia in skeletal development and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on primary cilia in skeletal development.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways (Hedgehog, Wnt, FGF) involving primary cilia.
  • Collating findings on skeletal ciliopathies.

Main Results:

  • Primary cilia are involved in physiochemical and developmental signaling in osteoblasts and chondrocytes.
  • Key signaling pathways like Hedgehog and Wnt operate at least partly via primary cilia.
  • Genetic skeletal ciliopathies underscore the relevance of primary cilia in bone formation and maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • Primary cilia are critical regulators of skeletal development and homeostasis.
  • Dysfunction of primary cilia leads to skeletal diseases (ciliopathies).
  • Further research into ciliogenesis and ciliary function is vital for understanding skeletal development and disease.