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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells for Treatment of Hindlimb Ischemia
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Stem Cell Therapy in Critical Limb Ischemia.

Madhan Jeyaraman1,2,3,4,5, Somumurthy Nagarajan6, Nicola Maffulli7,8,9,10

  • 1Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND.

Cureus
|August 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Stem cell therapy (SCT) offers a promising nonsurgical option for critical limb ischemia (CLI), improving blood flow and reducing amputation rates. This therapy enhances amputation-free survival and limb perfusion, even in patients ineligible for traditional treatments.

Keywords:
amputation ratescritical limb ischemiaischemiamononuclear cellsstem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Vascular Biology
  • Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a severe complication of peripheral artery disease, often leading to poor outcomes like amputation and high economic costs.
  • Existing treatments for CLI are often unsatisfactory, particularly in patients with diabetes and atherosclerosis, due to compromised vascular health.
  • Surgical interventions can further increase vascular compromise and amputation rates in CLI patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of stem cell therapy (SCT) as a nonsurgical treatment for critical limb ischemia (CLI).
  • To assess SCT's potential to promote angiogenesis and improve perfusion in ischemic limbs.
  • To determine the impact of SCT on amputation rates and patient survival in CLI.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, ScienceDirect) for clinical trials and studies on SCT in CLI.
  • Initial search yielded 2391 results, refined to 565 after removing duplicates.
  • Full-text review of 45 articles, with final selection of 25 relevant studies based on unique results.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell therapy (SCT) effectively promotes arteriogenesis and neovascularization in critical limb ischemia (CLI).
  • Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells demonstrated significant reductions in morbidity and improved amputation-free survival (AFS) rates.
  • SCT led to enhanced distal perfusion and improved outcomes, even in 'no-option' CLI patients unsuitable for conventional therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell therapy (SCT) is a viable and promising treatment for critical limb ischemia (CLI), especially for patients with limited traditional options.
  • SCT significantly improves amputation-free survival (AFS), distal perfusion, walking distance, and overall survival in CLI patients.
  • The therapy is well-tolerated and offers a potential solution to reduce the morbidity and economic burden associated with CLI.