A Case of Mistaken Identity: Varicella Zoster and Monkeypox

Mpox, previously referred to as monkeypox, is a zoonotic virus originally endemic to West Africa which has recently garnered significant attention due to a global outbreak. It remains a challenging diagnosis due to varying clinical presentations and similarities with other infectious pathogens. While diligent monitoring of its prevalence remains crucial, clinicians should combat recency bias when forming differentials for viral illnesses with similar presentations. Here, we discuss the case of an immigrant child with self-reported vaccination history of Varicella Zoster who was diagnosed with Mpox in the emergency department but was subsequently found to have Varicella Zoster after further testing. To effectively manage outbreaks and provide optimal care, healthcare professionals should stay up to date on the latest advancements in diagnostic techniques and available interventions.