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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

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West Nile virus: The current situation in Egypt.

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West Nile virus (WNV) IgG antibodies were detected in Egyptian equids, indicating past exposure. Molecular testing found no active WNV infections in equids, birds, or mosquitoes, suggesting limited current transmission.

Keywords:
West Nile virusclimatic changesflavivirusesseroprevalence

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Arthropod-borne Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Arthropod-borne viruses, including West Nile virus (WNV), pose a growing global health threat due to climate change.
  • WNV has been detected in humans in Egypt since 1950, but its prevalence in the equine population remained uninvestigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the current status of WNV in Egypt.
  • To determine the seroprevalence of WNV in equids.
  • To identify risk factors associated with WNV infection in equids.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of 1100 equine sera and nasal swabs, 156 mosquito pools, and 336 migratory bird swabs for WNV.
  • Detection of WNV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in equine sera.
  • Molecular detection of WNV RNA using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Main Results:

  • Positive WNV IgG antibodies were found in equine sera, indicating past exposure.
  • Horses showed higher susceptibility than donkeys, and males were more susceptible than females.
  • Equids aged 5-10 years were more vulnerable to infection than younger or older animals. No WNV RNA was detected in any equine, bird, or mosquito samples.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of WNV IgG antibodies highlights the need for ongoing surveillance in Egypt.
  • Effective control programs are recommended to support epidemiological investigations and understand WNV dynamics.