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    Previous positive or negative experiences alter brain circuits in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). This research shows how specific BLA neuron pathways control emotional responses and stress-related behaviors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Behavioral Science
    • Emotional Processing

    Background:

    • The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key brain region for processing emotions.
    • Its heterogeneous cell populations are crucial for flexible valence processing.
    • The impact of prior experiences on BLA activity and valence processing remains unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how positive (enriched environment) and negative (chronic unpredictable stress) experiences affect specific BLA neuron populations.
    • To determine if these experiences alter neuronal projections to the nucleus accumbens core and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.
    • To understand how these changes influence valence processing and stress-induced behaviors.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized chemogenetic manipulation to target projection-specific BLA principal neurons.
    • Administered enriched environment (EE) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) to model prior experiences.
    • Assessed the impact of these manipulations on avoidance behaviors and stress-induced helplessness.

    Main Results:

    • Prior EE or CUS experiences differentially modulated the activity of BLA neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens core or bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.
    • Chemogenetic manipulation of these projection-specific neurons mimicked or blocked the behavioral effects of EE and CUS.
    • Bidirectional control of avoidance behaviors and stress-induced helplessness was achieved by targeting these specific neuronal pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Previous life experiences significantly alter the responsiveness of projection-specific BLA principal neurons.
    • These experience-dependent changes bias information flow through the BLA, thereby governing emotional valence processing.
    • Targeting these specific BLA circuits offers a potential strategy for controlling stress-related behavioral outcomes.