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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

27.0K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
27.0K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

3.6K
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
3.6K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.4K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.4K
Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

3.4K
Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
3.4K
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

48
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
48
Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia02:10

Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia

9.3K
Alkynes can be reduced to trans-alkenes using sodium or lithium in liquid ammonia. The reaction, known as dissolving metal reduction, proceeds with an anti addition of hydrogen across the carbon–carbon triple bond to form the trans product. Since ammonia exists as a gas (bp = −33°C) at room temperature, the reaction is carried out at low temperatures using a mixture of dry ice (sublimes at −78°C) and acetone. 
When dissolved in liquid ammonia, an alkali metal,...
9.3K

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Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Graphdiyne-Based Multiscale Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis.

Shuya Zhao1, Zhaoyang Chen1, Huimin Liu1

  • 1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China.

Chemsuschem
|August 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Graphdiyne, a novel carbon material, shows promise as a catalyst for nitrogen fixation and ammonia synthesis. This review highlights graphdiyne

Keywords:
ammonia synthesiscarbon materialsgraphdiyneheterogeneous catalysisnitrogen reduction reaction

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Area of Science:

  • * Materials Science and Chemistry
  • * Carbon-based Nanomaterials
  • * Catalysis

Background:

  • * Graphdiyne is a 2D all-carbon material with unique sp/sp2-cohybridized structure.
  • * Its alkyne-rich framework, large π-conjugated system, and tunable electronic properties offer significant potential in various applications.
  • * Graphdiyne's unique characteristics are driving innovation in carbon materials research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To provide a comprehensive review of graphdiyne-based multiscale catalysts.
  • * To update on the synthesis of these catalysts.
  • * To discuss their applications in ammonia synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of recent literature on graphdiyne synthesis.
  • * Analysis of graphdiyne-based catalysts for nitrogen fixation.
  • * Examination of applications in ammonia synthesis.

Main Results:

  • * Graphdiyne exhibits unique properties beneficial for catalysis.
  • * Advances in synthesizing graphdiyne-based multiscale catalysts have been made.
  • * These catalysts show potential for room-temperature, ambient-pressure ammonia synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • * Graphdiyne-based catalysts are a promising frontier for sustainable ammonia production.
  • * The unique features of graphdiyne are crucial for catalytic efficiency.
  • * Future research should address challenges and explore new perspectives.