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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Updated: Jul 19, 2025

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Systemic Therapy for Melanoma: ASCO Guideline Update.

Rahul Seth1, Sanjiv S Agarwala2, Hans Messersmith3

  • 1SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY.

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|August 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New guidelines recommend neoadjuvant pembrolizumab for resectable melanoma and adjuvant nivolumab or pembrolizumab for resected melanoma. Systemic therapy options for advanced melanoma are updated, favoring immunotherapy combinations.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Melanoma treatment requires updated guidance on systemic therapies.
  • The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) provides expert recommendations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To offer clinical guidance on systemic therapy selection for melanoma patients.
  • To update evidence-based recommendations for melanoma treatment.

Main Methods:

  • An updated systematic literature review was conducted.
  • An Expert Panel analyzed 21 additional randomized trials.

Main Results:

  • Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab recommended for resectable stage IIIB-IV cutaneous melanoma.
  • Adjuvant nivolumab/pembrolizumab recommended for stage IIB-C; nivolumab/ipilimumab for stage IV resected melanoma.
  • Nivolumab/relatlimab added for unresectable/metastatic melanoma; ipilimumab-based regimens updated, with some no longer recommended.

Conclusions:

  • Updated recommendations reflect new evidence for systemic melanoma therapy.
  • Guidance includes neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic treatment strategies.
  • Specific immunotherapy combinations and agents have revised recommendations based on disease stage and mutation status.