Factors Associated With In-Hospital Death Among Pneumonia Patients in US Hospitals From 2016~2019
Sun Jung Kim1,2,3, Mar Medina4, Lixian Zhong5
1Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea.
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
|August 14, 2023
Summary
Patient and hospital factors significantly impact pneumonia mortality. Factors like low income, male sex, and rural hospital locations are linked to higher in-hospital pneumonia death rates.
Area of Science:
- Medical research
- Public health
- Health disparities
Background:
- Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization and death in the US, particularly for individuals over 65.
- In 2015, pneumonia caused 6.8 million hospitalizations and 1.1 million deaths globally in this age group.
- Identifying risk factors for in-hospital pneumonia death is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify patient and hospital-related risk factors for in-hospital pneumonia mortality.
- To analyze trends in in-hospital pneumonia death rates.
- To investigate potential health disparities associated with pneumonia outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016-2019.
- Included a weighted sample of 1,873,828 pneumonia patients.
- Employed multivariate survey logistic regression to determine risk factors for in-hospital death.
Main Results:
- In-hospital pneumonia death rates declined from 2.45% in 2016 to 2.19% in 2019.
- Higher in-hospital death rates were associated with male sex, very low income, non-Medicare insurance, government-owned hospitals, rural hospitals, and specific geographic regions.
- Patient and hospital characteristics demonstrated varied associations with mortality.
Conclusions:
- Socioeconomic factors such as income and insurance status are significantly associated with pneumonia mortality.
- Hospital characteristics including census region, ownership type, and rural location correlate with in-hospital mortality.
- Findings highlight potential health disparities in underserved, impoverished, and rural populations, necessitating targeted interventions.
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