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Ocular posterior segment microstructural and microvascular morphological changes in protein supplement-consuming

Hamidu Hamisi Gobeka1, Mustafa Doğan1, İbrahim Ethem Ay1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.

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Summary

Whey protein powder (PP) consumption in bodybuilders is linked to increased choroidal thickness and optic nerve head (ONH) vascularity, but potentially reduced macular vascular density. Ocular health monitoring is crucial for supplement users.

Keywords:
BodybuildersChoroidEDI OCTOCTAOptic nerve headProtein powderRetina

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Sports Nutrition
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Investigating the ocular microstructural and microvascular effects of whey protein powder (PP) supplementation in healthy bodybuilders.
  • Understanding how long-term PP use impacts retinal, choroidal, and optic nerve head (ONH) morphology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the specific changes in ocular tissues and vasculature associated with regular whey PP consumption.
  • To compare microstructural and microvascular parameters between whey PP consumers and non-consumers.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 23 male whey PP consumers (≥3 months) and 21 matched non-consumers.
  • Standard ocular examinations, enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed.
  • Measurements taken after ≥8 hours of rest and fasting.

Main Results:

  • Whey PP consumers exhibited significantly greater subfoveal choroidal thickness compared to non-consumers.
  • No significant difference in central macular thickness was observed between groups.
  • While not statistically significant, whey PP consumers showed trends towards lower macular vascular densities (VDs) but higher ONH VDs and RNFL thickness.

Conclusions:

  • Whey protein supplementation appears to induce distinct changes in retinal, choroidal, and ONH microstructure and microvasculature.
  • Clinical vigilance for these specific ocular changes is recommended during eye examinations for bodybuilders using nutritional supplements.