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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Updated: Jul 19, 2025

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Bone Regeneration in a Large Animal Model Featuring a Modular Off-the-Shelf Soft Callus Mimetic.

Leanne de Silva1,2, Alessia Longoni2,3, Flurina Staubli1,2

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|August 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Engineered cartilage with soft callus features enables endochondral bone regeneration (EBR) in large animals. Advanced constructs achieved bone regeneration comparable to autografts, paving the way for clinical applications.

Keywords:
critical-sized defectsdevitalizationendochondral bone tissue regenerationlarge animal modelsmesenchymal stromal cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Endochondral bone regeneration (EBR) is crucial for bone repair but faces challenges in clinical translation, especially in large animal models.
  • Current EBR strategies have not yet achieved significant success in large animals, limiting their clinical applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of EBR in a critical-sized defect model in goats using engineered cartilage constructs.
  • To assess the efficacy of biomaterials mimicking soft callus stages for bone regeneration in large animals.

Main Methods:

  • Goat-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) underwent chondrogenesis to create engineered cartilage.
  • Two off-the-shelf constructs, representing different chondrogenesis stages, were generated via devitalization.
  • Constructs were implanted into goat iliac crest defects using a novel titanium spacer for evaluation.

Main Results:

  • The construct mimicking advanced chondrogenesis demonstrated significant bone regeneration, comparable to autografts after 3 months.
  • Biomaterials mimicking earlier chondrogenesis stages showed improved regeneration over controls but were less effective than the advanced construct.
  • Successful centimeter-scale bone formation was observed, indicating robust regenerative capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Endochondral bone regeneration is achievable in large animals using soft callus mimetic materials.
  • Advanced chondrogenesis-stage constructs show high potential for clinical translation in bone defect repair.
  • This study provides a promising platform for developing clinical EBR strategies for large bone defects.