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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

A Robust Discovery Platform for the Identification of Novel Mediators of Melanoma Metastasis
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A Robust Discovery Platform for the Identification of Novel Mediators of Melanoma Metastasis

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A perspective on the metastasis suppressor field.

Imran Khan1, Patricia S Steeg2

  • 1Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.

Cancer Metastasis Reviews
|August 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Metastasis suppressor genes significantly reduce cancer spread without impacting primary tumor growth. Re-establishing these gene pathways may help prevent cancer recurrence after initial treatment.

Keywords:
InvasionMetastasisMetastasis suppressor genePrimary tumor

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths.
  • Metastasis suppressor genes inhibit cancer cell spread when re-expressed.
  • Understanding these genes is crucial for developing new cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the mechanisms of action for over 30 metastasis suppressors.
  • To explore strategies for re-establishing metastasis suppressor pathways in tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of over 30 metastasis suppressors.
  • Investigating signaling pathways, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, and genomic stability.

Main Results:

  • Metastasis suppressors act through complex mechanisms involving multiple cellular processes.
  • These genes reduce metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth.

Conclusions:

  • Re-expressing metastasis suppressors offers a therapeutic strategy against cancer spread.
  • Clinical application should focus on the adjuvant setting to target micrometastases.