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Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Published on: December 7, 2018

Connective differences between patients with depression with and without ASD: A case-control study.

Tomoki Kaneko¹, Toshinori Nakamura², Akiko Ryokawa²

¹Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.

|August 15, 2023

Summary

Adults with depression and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show distinct brain connectivity patterns in the salience network, specifically involving the supramarginal gyrus and hippocampus, compared to those with depression alone.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Medical Imaging

Background:

Distinguishing depression with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from depression without ASD in adults presents diagnostic challenges.
Understanding neurobiological differences is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and clarify the differences in brain connectivity between adult patients with depression with ASD (Depress-wASD) and those with depression without ASD (Depression).

Main Methods:

Utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) on 22 adult patients diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria.
Assessed patients using scales like HAM-D, YMRS, PARS-TR, and AQ-J.
Analyzed brain connectivity using the CONN toolbox and performed voxel-based morphometry on structural images.

Main Results:

No significant differences were found in depression severity (HAM-D), mania symptoms (YMRS), ASD traits (AQ-J), or IQ between the Depress-wASD and Depression groups.
rs-fMRI revealed distinct connectivity patterns in the salience network (SN) for the Depress-wASD group, including a positive connection with the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and negative connections with the hippocampus and parahippocampus.
No significant structural brain differences were observed between the groups.

Conclusions:

Identified specific differences in the salience network's involvement with the supramarginal gyrus and hippocampal regions between patients with depression with ASD and those with depression alone.
These findings highlight unique neural underpinnings that may aid in differentiating these conditions.