Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview01:07

Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview

3.2K
In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.
3.2K
Cholinergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:29

Cholinergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

2.3K
Cholinergic antagonists bind to cholinergic receptors and limit the effects of acetylcholine and other cholinergic agonists. Based on the specific cholinergic receptor affinity, these antagonists are classified as muscarinic or nicotinic. Anticholinergics interrupt parasympathetic innervations while sympathetic innervations remain uninterrupted. Muscarinic antagonists are also called 'muscarinic antagonists', 'antimuscarinics', or 'parasympatholytics'. Nicotinic...
2.3K
Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses01:26

Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses

776
Antimuscarinic drugs have various therapeutic applications by inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation in different systems. Here are the key therapeutic uses of antimuscarinics:    
Respiratory Tract: Ipratropium, aclidinium, and tiotropium treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They protect against bronchoconstriction caused by irritants like cigarette smoke, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. They also help reduce nasopharyngeal...
776
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

3.6K
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
3.6K
Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics01:24

Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics

516
Cholinergic antagonists—such as antimuscarinics—are available in oral, topical, ocular, parenteral, and inhalational formulations. Most antimuscarinics are oral formulations,  while scopolamine is available as a topical patch, and ipratropium and tiotropium are available as inhalation aerosols or powders. Atropine, tropicamide, and cyclopentolate are topically instilled in the eye. Most antimuscarinics are lipid-soluble and readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and...
516
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

2.4K
The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

A Review: The Progress of Oxadiazole Derivatives in Agrochemical Application.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

Investigating the Gut Microbiota-Inflammatory Cytokine-Skin Axis in Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization.

Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology·2026
Same author

Hemostatic properties of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with Typhae Pollen-derived carbon dots.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal Potential of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole-Fused Isoxazoline Derivatives as GABA Receptor Antagonists.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

Novel <i>N</i>-Phenyltriazinone Derivatives Containing Carbamate/Oxime Ester Fragments as Promising Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase Inhibitors.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Bullous Pemphigoid Patients With Psoriasis Comorbidity: A Retrospective Study.

Experimental dermatology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Avocado Sample Preparation Using the QuEChERS Method with Ammonium Formate for Pesticide Analysis
05:20

Avocado Sample Preparation Using the QuEChERS Method with Ammonium Formate for Pesticide Analysis

Published on: December 8, 2023

708

Morpholine Derivatives in Agrochemical Discovery and Development.

Xu Tang1, Li Lei1, Anjing Liao1

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|August 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Morpholine derivatives are key in developing new pesticides due to their biological activity. This review covers their insecticidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, and antiviral properties, aiding novel pesticide creation.

Keywords:
biological activitydevelopment of agrochemicalsmorpholine derivativesresearch reviewstructure−activity relationship

More Related Videos

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
05:07

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

6.7K
An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
12:02

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

Published on: November 2, 2016

12.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Avocado Sample Preparation Using the QuEChERS Method with Ammonium Formate for Pesticide Analysis
05:20

Avocado Sample Preparation Using the QuEChERS Method with Ammonium Formate for Pesticide Analysis

Published on: December 8, 2023

708
Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
05:07

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

6.7K
An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
12:02

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

Published on: November 2, 2016

12.1K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Agrochemical Science
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Morpholine derivatives are biologically active organic compounds with unique structures found in various drugs.
  • Their terminal pharmacophore and potent activity make them highly valuable for pesticide innovation.
  • Understanding structure-activity relationships is crucial for developing effective new pesticides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review morpholine compounds with pesticidal and plant growth regulation properties.
  • To provide insights for the development of novel morpholine-containing pesticides.
  • To summarize characteristics of efficient morpholine-based pesticides.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of morpholine derivatives.
  • Analysis of structure-activity relationships.
  • Summarization of pesticidal and plant growth regulation properties.

Main Results:

  • Overview of morpholine compounds exhibiting insecticidal activity.
  • Summary of morpholine compounds with fungicidal properties.
  • Compilation of morpholine compounds demonstrating herbicidal, antiviral, and plant growth regulation effects.

Conclusions:

  • Morpholine derivatives represent a promising scaffold for novel pesticide development.
  • Further research into structure-activity relationships can optimize pesticide efficacy.
  • This review serves as a guide for creating advanced morpholine-based agrochemicals.