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Solid-State Transformation of an Additive Manufactured Inconel 625 Alloy at 700 °C.

Fan Zhang¹, Jan Ilavsky², Greta Lindwall³

¹Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.

Applied Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 16, 2023

Summary

Additive manufacturing of Inconel 625 requires stress relief. Lowering heat treatment to 700 °C reduces deleterious delta phase precipitation, offering a promising alternative for Inconel 625 parts.

Keywords:

CALPHAD additive manufacturing in situ diffraction nickel-based superalloy phase evolution small-angle X-ray scattering synchrotron

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Metallurgy
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Inconel 625 is a nickel-based superalloy crucial for additive manufacturing (AM).
AM processes induce significant residual stresses in Inconel 625 parts.
Standard stress-relief heat treatments (800-870 °C) cause detrimental delta phase precipitation.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate solid-state transformation in AM Inconel 625 at 700 °C.
Determine the effect of lower-temperature heat treatment on delta phase precipitation.
Provide microstructural kinetics data for optimizing stress-relief in AM Inconel 625.

Main Methods:

Synchrotron-based in situ scattering and diffraction.
Ex situ electron microscopy.
Thermodynamic modeling.

Main Results:

Delta phase precipitation occurs at 700 °C in AM Inconel 625.
Precipitation rate and size of the delta phase are reduced at 700 °C compared to higher temperatures.
Experimental findings align with thermodynamic predictions.

Conclusions:

Lower-temperature (700 °C) stress-relief heat treatment is a feasible option for AM Inconel 625.
Reduced delta phase precipitation at 700 °C minimizes detrimental effects.
The methodology can be applied to other AM alloys.