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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Models of Bone Metastasis

Models of Bone Metastasis

Published on: September 4, 2012

Bone metastases in malignant gastrinoma.

J C Barton, B I Hirschowitz, P N Maton

Gastroenterology

|November 1, 1986

Summary

Malignant gastrinoma can spread to the bone, causing painful osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions. Bone metastases in gastrinoma patients indicate a poor prognosis, despite treatments.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Endocrinology
Radiology

Background:

Malignant gastrinoma, a rare neuroendocrine tumor, often presents with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Bone metastases are an uncommon but serious complication of advanced gastrinoma.

Observation:

Six patients with malignant gastrinoma presented with multiple bone metastases, affecting the central skeleton.
Lesions included both osteolytic and osteoblastic types, with symptomatic presentation in most cases.
Hypercalcemia occurred in two patients, unrelated to parathormone levels.

Findings:

Cytotoxic chemotherapy showed limited efficacy in managing bone metastases.
Radiotherapy provided good symptomatic relief in 50% of treated patients.
Peptic ulcer disease was effectively managed with H2-receptor antagonists (cimetidine or ranitidine).

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Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT

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Multi-Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection in Gastric Cancer Based on Ion Semiconductor Sequencing Platform

Multi-Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection in Gastric Cancer Based on Ion Semiconductor Sequencing Platform

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Models of Bone Metastasis

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Published on: September 4, 2012

Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT

Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT

Published on: January 22, 2018

Multi-Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection in Gastric Cancer Based on Ion Semiconductor Sequencing Platform

Multi-Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection in Gastric Cancer Based on Ion Semiconductor Sequencing Platform

Published on: May 10, 2024

Implications:

Bone metastases in malignant gastrinoma are associated with a poor prognosis, with a mean survival of 3.3 years post-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome diagnosis.
This highlights the need for early detection and management strategies for bone involvement in metastatic gastrinoma.
Further research into targeted therapies for gastrinoma bone metastases is warranted.