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Related Concept Videos

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

438
Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
438
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
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Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
194
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

396
Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

867
The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
867
Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity

458
The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice
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Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice

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Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Genetically Defined Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Elizabeth A Davidson1, Calliope Holingue2,3, Andres Jimenez-Gomez4,5

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Miami, Florida.

Seminars in Neurology
|August 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastrointestinal issues are common in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) like autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This review explores objective diagnostics for the gut-brain-microbiome link in ASD, using human and zebrafish data.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Existing patient-reported outcome measures are unsuitable for individuals with ASD.
  • The multifactorial pathophysiology of ASD, involving genetics and environment, requires novel diagnostic approaches.

Conclusions:

  • There are significant knowledge gaps in understanding NDDs and their gastrointestinal manifestations.
  • Objective diagnostics for the gut-brain-microbiome axis in ASD are needed.
  • This review offers a framework for future multidisciplinary research in ASD and NDDs.