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Global methane emissions from rivers and streams.

Gerard Rocher-Ros1,2,3, Emily H Stanley4, Luke C Loken5

  • 1Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. gerard.rocher.ros@slu.se.

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|August 16, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global methane (CH4) emissions from rivers are estimated at 27.9 Tg per year. Unlike lakes, river emissions show weak temperature dependence, influenced by land-water connections and soil conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Climate Science
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas with atmospheric concentrations tripling since the industrial revolution.
  • Global warming may increase CH4 emissions from freshwater ecosystems, creating a positive climate feedback loop.
  • However, the drivers and scale of CH4 emissions from rivers and streams are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a spatially explicit global estimate of CH4 emissions from running waters.
  • To investigate the factors controlling CH4 emissions in riverine systems.
  • To compare riverine CH4 emissions with those from other freshwater ecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a global model to estimate CH4 emissions from rivers.
  • Analysis of factors influencing CH4 emissions, including temperature, land-water connectivity, and soil conditions.
  • Comparison of activation energy for CH4 emissions in rivers versus lakes and wetlands.

Main Results:

  • Global CH4 emissions from rivers are estimated at 27.9 (16.7-39.7) Tg/year, comparable to other freshwater systems.
  • Riverine CH4 emissions exhibit low temperature dependence (activation energy E_M = 0.14 eV) compared to lakes and wetlands (E_M = 0.96 eV).
  • High emissions occur in high- and low-latitude regions and human-dominated areas, linked to anoxia from organic matter supply and saturated soils.

Conclusions:

  • Land-water connections are crucial for regulating CH4 supply to rivers.
  • Riverine CH4 emissions are influenced by soil anoxia, organic matter, and water saturation.
  • These emissions are vulnerable to both direct human impacts and climate change responses on land.