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Metabolomics-directed nanotechnology in viral diseases management: COVID-19 a case study
Marwa O El-Derany1, Diana M F Hanna2, John Youshia3
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Abstract:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently regarded as the twenty-first century's plague accounting for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Besides its reported symptoms affecting the respiratory tract, it was found to alter several metabolic pathways inside the body. Nanoparticles proved to combat viral infections including COVID-19 to demonstrate great success in developing vaccines based on mRNA technology. However, various types of nanoparticles can affect the host metabolome. Considering the increasing proportion of nano-based vaccines, this review compiles and analyses how COVID-19 and nanoparticles affect lipids, amino acids, and carbohydrates metabolism. A search was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science for available information on the interrelationship between metabolomics and immunity in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the effect of nanoparticles on metabolite levels. It was clear that SARS-CoV-2 disrupted several pathways to ensure a sufficient supply of its building blocks to facilitate its replication. Such information can help in developing treatment strategies against viral infections and COVID-19 based on interventions that overcome these metabolic changes. Furthermore, it showed that even drug-free nanoparticles can exert an influence on biological systems as evidenced by metabolomics.
Insights
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) alters host metabolism for replication. This review examines how COVID-19 and nanoparticles impact lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism, offering insights for new treatments.
Area of Science:
- Metabolomics
- Virology
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, affecting respiratory and metabolic systems.
- Nanoparticles are crucial for mRNA vaccines but can alter host metabolome.
- Understanding metabolic changes is vital for combating viral infections and assessing nano-based interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and analyze the impact of COVID-19 and nanoparticles on host metabolism.
- To investigate alterations in lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate pathways.
- To correlate metabolomic changes with immunity and viral replication.
Main Methods:
- Literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science.
- Analysis of studies on metabolomics, immunity, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and nanoparticle effects.
- Compilation of data on metabolite level alterations.
Main Results:
- SARS-CoV-2 disrupts host metabolic pathways to support viral replication.
- Nanoparticles, including those without drugs, can influence biological systems and metabolite levels.
- Metabolomic analysis reveals significant interrelationships between viral infection and host metabolic state.
Conclusions:
- Metabolic pathway disruption by SARS-CoV-2 presents therapeutic targets.
- Nanoparticle-induced metabolomic changes require careful consideration for vaccine and drug development.
- Metabolomics provides a powerful lens for understanding host-pathogen interactions and nano-bio interactions.
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