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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

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Related Experiment Video

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Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions
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Brain Microstructure and Brain Function Changes in Space Headache by Head-Down-Tilted Bed Rest.

Masayuki Goto, Yasushi Shibata, Sumire Ishiyama

    Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance
    |August 17, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Head-down-tilted bed rest (HDBR) induced headaches in astronauts are linked to brain microstructure and functional connectivity changes. Diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional MRI revealed significant alterations in diffusivity and connectivity patterns associated with space headaches.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Space Medicine
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Astronauts frequently report severe headaches during spaceflight.
    • Microgravity's impact on brain structure and function, particularly headache development, remains understudied.
    • Head-down-tilted bed rest (HDBR) simulates microgravity effects for ground-based research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate brain microstructure and functional changes associated with HDBR-induced headaches.
    • To utilize diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) to analyze these changes.
    • To correlate imaging findings with headache severity.

    Main Methods:

    • 28 healthy subjects underwent DTI and R-fMRI in supine and HDBR positions.
    • Tract-Based Spatial Statistics analyzed DTI metrics (FA, MD, RD, AD).
    • Functional connectivity (FC) was assessed using R-fMRI, with correlation to headache intensity.

    Main Results:

    • HDBR induced headaches in 75% of subjects (21/28).
    • DTI revealed increased axial, radial, and mean diffusivity, but no significant change in fractional anisotropy.
    • R-fMRI showed decreased FC post-HDBR; headache group had higher pre-HDBR FC, both groups showed higher FC post-HDBR.

    Conclusions:

    • HDBR effectively models acute space headache-related brain changes.
    • DTI and R-fMRI can detect microstructural and functional brain alterations in individuals experiencing headaches during simulated microgravity.
    • Imaging may offer a method to evaluate brain changes specific to space headache development.