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Neonatal Admission Temperature in Middle- and High-Income Countries.
Alejandro Frade Garcia1,2, Erika M Edwards3,4,5, José Maria de Andrade Lopes6
1Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Pediatrics
|August 17, 2023
Summary
Neonatal hypothermia is common globally, especially in middle-income countries, and significantly increases mortality risk for newborns. Improving admission temperatures can reduce newborn deaths and support Sustainable Development Goals.
Area of Science:
- Neonatalogy
- Global Health
- Perinatal Medicine
Background:
- Neonatal hypothermia is a preventable yet prevalent condition affecting newborns worldwide.
- Disparities in hypothermia prevalence and outcomes exist between middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of neonatal hypothermia on admission to the NICU.
- To compare hypothermia rates and associated mortality between MICs and HICs.
- To identify risk factors for hypothermia and its impact on newborn survival.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from the Vermont Oxford Network database (2018-2021).
- Inclusion of newborns with birth weights 401-1500g or gestational age 22-29 weeks.
- Comparison of outcomes based on temperature within 1 hour of NICU admission across 12 MICs and 22 HICs.
Main Results:
- Hypothermia affected 64.0% of newborns in MIC hospitals versus 28.6% in HIC hospitals.
- Perinatal risk factors included lower birth weight, small for gestational age, and prolonged resuscitation.
- Hypothermic newborns had doubled mortality rates in both MICs and HICs; each 1°C increase in admission temperature reduced mortality risk.
Conclusions:
- Neonatal hypothermia is a significant, common problem associated with increased mortality in both middle-income and high-income countries.
- Addressing hypothermia is crucial for improving newborn outcomes and achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal for neonates.
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